Everything about Dysentery totally explained
Dysentery (formerly known as
flux or the
bloody flux) is an infection of the digestive system that results in severe
diarrhea containing mucus and blood in the
feces and is typically the result of unsanitary water containing
micro-organisms which damage the
intestinal lining. There are two major types of dysentery due to micro-organisms:
amoebic dysentery, and
bacillary dysentery mainly due to one of three bacteria. Dysentery can also be caused by certain medications; for example, some steroids can impact bowel movements.
Amoebic dysentery
Amoebic dysentery (or
amebic dysentery) is caused by the
amoeba Entamoeba histolytica.
Amoebic dysentery is transmitted through contaminated food and water. Amoebae spread by forming infective cysts which can be found in stools and spread if whoever touches them doesn't sanitize their hands. There are also free amoebae, or
trophozoites, that don't form cysts.
Amoebic dysentery is well known as a "traveler's dysentery" because of its prevalence in developing nations, or "
Montezuma's Revenge" although it's occasionally seen in industrialized countries.
Liver infection, and subsequent amoebic abscesses can occur.
Bacillary dysentery
Bacillary dysentery is mostly commonly associated with three bacterial groups:
Symptoms and complications
Symptoms include frequent passage of feces/stool, loose motion and in some cases associated vomiting. Variations depending on parasites can be frequent urge with high or low volume of stool, with or without some associated mucus and even blood.
Once recovery starts, early refeeding is advocated avoiding foods containing lactose due to temporary [canpersist for years]
lactose intolerance.
Treatment
The first and main task in managing any episode of dysentery is to maintain fluid intake using
oral rehydration therapy. If this can not be adequately maintained, either through nausea and vomiting or the profuseness of the diarrhoea, then hospital admission may be required for
intravenous fluid replacement. Ideally no antimicrobial therapy is started until microbiological microscopy and culture studies have established the specific infection involved. Where laboratory services are lacking, it may be required to initiate a combination of drugs including an amoebicidal drug to kill the
parasite and an
antibiotic to treat any associated bacterial
infection.
Amoebic dysentery can be treated with
metronidazole. Mild cases of bacillary dysentery are often self-limiting and don't require antibiotics, which are reserved for more severe or persisting cases;
campylobacter,
shigella and
salmonella respond to
ciprofloxacin or
macrolide antibiotics.
Miscellaneous references
O. Uplavici was the fictional author of the article About dysentery whose name persisted in science literature for fifty years.
Additionally, dying of dysentery has become a pop culture reference to the 1980s computer game, The Oregon Trail. The disease was one of several afflictions the player could die from, prompting the phrase, "You have died of dysentery."
Lars Eighner writes about experiencing dysentery at least once a month during the time he lived as a homeless man dumpster diving.
The band Blink-182 has a song called "Dysentery Gary" in which diarrhoea is mentioned.
John McCain suffered from dysentery while a POW.
Elie Wiesel, a renowned Holocaust survivor, described in his book Night his father suffering from dysentery while imprisoned in Buchenwald, a concentration camp of Nazi Germany during the Holocaust.
In the Woody Allen movie Annie Hall, Allen's character jokes that two leading intellectual magazines, Dissent and Commentary, had merged to form Dysentery. An oblique reference to intellectual pretense.
In the movie Pulp Fiction, Captain Koons played by Christopher Walken informs a young Butch Coolidge (Bruce Willis) that his father had died from dysentery after concealing a wrist watch inside of his anus for five years.
Harrison Ford apparently suffered from it while filming Raiders of the Lost Ark in Tunisia; this partially resulted in his suggesting that rather than have an elaborate fight with an assassin, Indiana Jones should just shoot him - a now famous gag in the movie.
In the video game Gears of War for the Xbox 360, the character Baird says "We are going to get Dysentery from this shit!" referring to the food of the stranded people.
In the film Mrs. Doubtfire, Robin Williams jokes that it would terrible if his ex-wife came down with amoebic dysentery, leading to a gross and vague description of the illness by his son.
In the book On the Road, the main character Sal Paradise suffers from dysentery at the end of his time in Mexico.
Dysentery is a frequently-mentioned malady in the TV series M*A*S*H.
The Tom Lehrer song "In Old Mexico" (on the album An Evening Wasted with Tom Lehrer) has the lines "We ate, we drank, and we were merry/And we got typhoid and dysentery."
The English Privateer Sir Francis Drake died from dysentery in 1596.Further Information
Get more info on 'Dysentery'.
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